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Gross internal expenditure on R&D in relation to GDP

Gross internal expenditure on R&D in relation to GDP 2021
Catalonia Spain European Union-27
Total 1.67 (p) Provisional value 1.43 (p) Provisional value 2.26 (p) Provisional value
Business enterprise sector 1.02 (p) Provisional value 0.80 (p) Provisional value 1.49 (p) Provisional value
Government sector 0.30 (p) Provisional value 0.24 (p) Provisional value 0.27 (p) Provisional value
Higher education sector 0.35 (p) Provisional value 0.38 (p) Provisional value 0.49 (p) Provisional value
Private non-profit sector 0.01 (p) Provisional value 0.00 (p) Provisional value 0.01 (p) Provisional value
Units: %.
Source Catalonia: Idescat, based on the INE's statistics on R&D activities. Source Spain and European Union: Eurostat.
(p) Provisional value.
Indicador ODS Indicator 09.10 from the EU Sustainable Development Goals

Last update: March 27, 2023.

RD

These statistics have a specific section with all the information available: Statistics on R&D Activities (RD).

Methodological note

The indicator measures gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) as a percentage of the gross domestic product (GDP). "Research and experimental development (R&D) comprise creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of man, culture and society and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications" (Frascati Manual, 2002 edition, § 63).

See also