Population and Housing Census. 2023. Occupation and activity

Women accounted for 47.7% of the employed population as of 1 January 2023 according to the Population Census, representing 0.1 percentage points higher than in the previous year. The sector with the highest proportion of women was services (54.1%), followed by industry (31.6%). By nationality, foreigners made up 15.4% of the employed population, 0.9 percentage points higher than in the previous year. The sector with the highest percentage of foreigners was agriculture (36.7%), followed by construction (21.7%). By place of birth, those born abroad represented 24.1% of the employed population, 1.4 percentage points higher than a year ago.

In relation to the economic activity of the establishment and in relative terms, the section with the highest proportion of women was that including activities of households as employers of domestic personnel and undifferentiated goods- and services-producing activities of households for own use (88.3%), followed by the section including human health and social work activities (76.0%). By contrast, the sections with the lowest proportion of women were mining and quarrying (11.3%) and construction (11.9%). By nationality, the sections with the highest proportion of foreigners were activities of households as employers of domestic personnel and undifferentiated goods- and services-producing activities of households for own use (45.4%), followed by those including extraterritorial organizations and bodies (37.7%).

By large groups of occupation, in 2023 women represented 66.2% of clerks but only 12.9% of craft and related trades workers. By nationality, foreigners accounted for 30.3% of employees in elementary occupations but only 8.6% of technicians and associate professionals.

By level of education attained, 49.8% of the employed population had completed higher education. This percentage reached 93.6% among professionals, 30.6% among service workers and shop and market sales workers and 18.6% among workers in elementary occupations.

In relation to employment status, in 2023, 73.9% of the employed population were permanent or indefinite employees, 10.4% were temporary employees, 12.7% were self-employed without employees, 2.8% were self-employed with employees and 0.2% were in another situation. By nationality, 10.5% of Spaniards and 10.2% of foreign nationals were temporary employees.

Idescat publishes the results relating to employment and activity from the 2023 Population Census. Data are provided for Catalonia, provinces, areas of the Territorial Plan, counties, municipalities and census tract groups.